William Shakespeare (/ˈʃeɪkspɪər/;[1] 26 April 1564 (baptised) – 23 April 1616)[nb 1] was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.[2] He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon".[3][nb 2] His extant works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays,[nb 3] 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, of which the authorship of some is uncertain. His plays have been translated into every majorliving language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.[4]
Shakespeare was born and brought up in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet andJudith. Between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part-owner of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men. He appears to have retired to Stratford around 1613 at age 49, where he died three years later. Few records of Shakespeare's private life survive, and there has been considerable speculation about such matters as his physical appearance, sexuality, religious beliefs, and whether the works attributed to him were written by others.[5]
Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613.[6][nb 4] His early plays were mainly comedies and histories and these works remain regarded as some of the best work produced in these genres. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest works in the English language. In his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights.
Many of his plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during his lifetime. In 1623, John Heminges and Henry Condell, two friends and fellow actors of Shakespeare, published the First Folio, a collected edition of his dramatic works that included all but two of the plays now recognised as Shakespeare's. It was prefaced with a poem by Ben Jonson, in which Shakespeare is hailed, presciently, as "not of an age, but for all time".[7] In the 20th and 21st century, his work has been repeatedly adopted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today and are constantly studied, performed, and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world.
Историки до сих пор спорят о дате рождения знаменитого поэта и драматурга: сохранилась лишь запись о его крещении 26 апреля 1564 г. А так как в то время детей крестили через несколько дней после появления на свет, принято считать, что Шекспир родился 23 апреля.
Подборка, посвященная его творчеству:
1) Слишком заняты, чтобы перечитывать Шекспира? Тогда вам подойдут комиксы из трёх слайдов от Mya Gosling: http://bit.ly/1vsYDuj
2)Путешествие в Стретфорд и театр Глобус: учебные фильмы+ средневековая английская лексика http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/word-street..
3) No Fear Shakespeare — Шекспир с «переводом» на современный английский язык. http://nfs.sparknotes.com/
4) Мультфильмы на основе пьес Шекспираhttp://www.sparknotes.com/sparknotes/video/hamlet
5) Global Shakespeare — более 430 постановок по Шекспиру со всего мира на сайте MIT http://globalshakespeares.mit.edu
Shakespeare's Sonnets Audiobook by William Shakespeare
Shakespeare's Globe Mini-Doc
- William Shakespeare on Facebook
- Internet Shakespeare Editions
- Folger Digital Texts
- Open Source Shakespeare complete works, with search engine and concordance
- First Four Folios at Miami University Library, digital collection
- The Shakespeare Quartos Archive
- Shakespeare's Words the online version of the best-selling glossary and language companion
- Shakespeare and Music
- Shakespeare's Will from The National Archives
- Free scores by William Shakespeare in the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
- The Shakespeare Birthplace Trust
- William Shakespeare at the Internet Movie Database
- Works by William Shakespeare at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about William Shakespeare at Internet Archive
- Works by William Shakespeare at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
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